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লোডিং ডক এবং রেল লাইনে তাদের পাশাপাশি লড়াই করার জন্য

15
00:00:42,460 --> 00:00:44,726
এবং তারা বীরত্বের সাথে যুদ্ধ করেছিল।

16
00:00:44,726 --> 00:00:46,240
(ভেরী বাজানো)

17
00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:48,570
তাদের (বিড়বিড় করে) মহান কর্মীদের একজন,

18
00:00:48,570 --> 00:00:51,147
{\an8}মার্কাস গারভে ঘোষণা করেন,

19
00:00:51,147 --> 00:00:54,367
"আমরা বিশ্বাস করি নিগ্রোদের কোনো কিছু থেকে বঞ্চিত করা উচিত নয়

20
00:00:54,367 --> 00:00:56,297
"সেই অধিকার বা বিশেষাধিকার সাধারণ

21
00:00:56,297 --> 00:00:57,827
"অন্যান্য মানুষের কাছে।"

22
00:01:01,664 --> 00:01:02,650
(জনতা উল্লাস করছে)

23
00:01:02,650 --> 00:01:04,300
প্রেসিডেন্ট উইলসন, তবে

24
00:01:04,300 --> 00:01:07,710
শ্বেতাঙ্গদের থেকে কালোদের বিচ্ছিন্নতায় বিশ্বাসী।

25
00:01:07,710 --> 00:01:10,900
মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বাইরে একই সময়ে, তিনি অধিকার রক্ষা করেন

26
00:01:10,900 --> 00:01:12,563
স্ব-সংকল্পের জন্য জনগণের।

27
00:01:13,700 --> 00:01:16,410
মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে ফিরে, তিনি একটি দীর্ঘ সফর শুরু করেন

28
00:01:16,410 --> 00:01:18,500
পক্ষে জনমতকে একত্রিত করতে

29
00:01:18,500 --> 00:01:19,900
ভার্সাই চুক্তির।

30
00:01:21,610 --> 00:01:23,660
উইলসন জানেন যে ওয়াশিংটনে,

31
00:01:23,660 --> 00:01:25,663
সেনেট গভীরভাবে অনিচ্ছুক থাকে।

32
00:01:27,140 --> 00:01:29,750
তিনি জানেন যে জার্মান বংশোদ্ভূত ভোটাররা ক্ষিপ্ত

33
00:01:29,750 --> 00:01:32,840
চুক্তির ধারাগুলি সম্পর্কে, যে তারা অপমানজনক বলে মনে করে,

34
00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:34,756
তাদের সাবেক স্বদেশের প্রতি অন্যায়।

35
00:01:34,756 --> 00:01:36,960
(জনতা উল্লাস করছে)

36
00:01:36,960 --> 00:01:39,230
উইলসনও জানেন যে সিনেট প্রতিকূল

37
00:01:39,230 --> 00:01:41,730
লীগ অফ নেশনস এর প্রতিষ্ঠাতা চুক্তিতে।

38
00:01:45,090 --> 00:01:48,273
এটি সদস্য দেশগুলির উপর একটি পারস্পরিক প্রতিরক্ষা চুক্তি আরোপ করে।

39
00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:50,570
এই সম্ভাব্য নেতৃত্ব দিতে পারে

40
00:01:50,570 --> 00:01:54,343
একটি নতুন আমেরিকান সামরিক হস্তক্ষেপ, যা কেউ চায় না.

41
00:01:56,640 --> 00:01:58,740
উইলসন জোয়ার ধরে রাখার চেষ্টা করেন।

42
00:01:58,740 --> 00:02:02,187
তিনি বলেছেন, "লিগ অফ নেশনসকে সমর্থন করতে ব্যর্থতা,

43
00:02:02,187 --> 00:02:04,107
"বিশ্বের হৃদয় ভেঙ্গে দেবে।"

44
00:02:06,050 --> 00:02:08,600
উইলসন ক্লান্তির পর্যায়ে কাজ করে

45
00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:12,537
এবং একটি স্ট্রোক ভোগ করে যা তাকে পক্ষাঘাতগ্রস্ত এবং নিঃশব্দ করে দেয়।

46
00:02:12,537 --> 00:02:15,287
(নাট্য সঙ্গীত)

47
00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:18,093
মার্কিন সিনেট কি করবে?

48
00:02:19,410 --> 00:02:21,630
যদি এটি ভার্সাই চুক্তি প্রত্যাখ্যান করে

49
00:02:21,630 --> 00:02:24,933
এবং লিগ অফ নেশনস, শান্তি কি সম্ভব হবে?

50
00:02:30,980 --> 00:02:33,930
{\an8}আমেরিকানদের অনুমোদনের অপেক্ষায়,

51
00:02:33,930 --> 00:02:36,863
ইউরোপের সবচেয়ে জরুরি অগ্রাধিকার হল পুনর্নির্মাণ।

52
00:02:37,780 --> 00:02:40,730
বেলজিয়াম ও সার্বিয়া মারাত্মকভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়েছে।

53
00:02:40,730 --> 00:02:43,650
কিন্তু ফ্রান্সে ধ্বংসযজ্ঞ আরও ভয়াবহ।

54
00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:46,383
ফ্রান্সের উত্তর ও পূর্বাঞ্চল বিধ্বস্ত।

55
00:02:47,546 --> 00:02:50,560
(মৃদু সঙ্গীত)

56
00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:54,507
স্টিফান জুইগ লিখেছেন, "সমস্ত লাইভিড স্টিডস

57
00:02:54,507 --> 00:02:57,440
"এপোক্যালিপস আপ লালনপালন করেছেন।"

58
00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:00,820
বিপ্লব এবং দুর্ভিক্ষ, সন্ত্রাস, মহামারী

59
00:03:00,820 --> 00:03:04,220
এবং সর্বোপরি, সেই আর্ক প্লেগ জাতীয়তাবাদ,

60
00:03:04,220 --> 00:03:07,092
যা আমাদের ইউরোপীয় সংস্কৃতিকে বিষিয়ে তুলেছে।

61
00:03:07,092 --> 00:03:09,675
(মৃদু সঙ্গীত)

62
00:03:12,130 --> 00:03:15,263
যুদ্ধ ফ্রান্সের 1/3 সম্পদ ধ্বংস করে।

63
00:03:16,210 --> 00:03:18,760
সংখ্যাগুলো বিস্ময়কর।

64
00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:22,520
মানচিত্র থেকে মুছে ফেলা গ্রামগুলির, অবিস্ফোরিত গোলাগুলির

65
00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:26,683
এবং বিষাক্ত গ্যাস দ্বারা দূষিত ক্ষেত্রের ল্যান্ড মাইন।

66
00:03:30,590 --> 00:03:33,943
পৃথিবীকে এই বিষের সাগর থেকে শুদ্ধ করতে হবে।

67
00:03:36,220 --> 00:03:39,220
এই কৃষকদের হিসাবে একটি দীর্ঘ এবং বিপজ্জনক কাজ

68
00:03:39,220 --> 00:03:42,350
এবং পিকারডি শেল, যার ক্ষেত শাঁসে আচ্ছন্ন,

69
00:03:42,350 --> 00:03:44,214
তাদের নিষ্পত্তি করতে হবে।

70
00:03:44,214 --> 00:03:46,797
(মৃদু সঙ্গীত)

71
00:03:52,556 --> 00:03:55,223
(জোরে বিস্ফোরণ)

72
00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:04,000
সবকিছু ছাপিয়ে তারা আবার জীবন শুরু করে

73
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:06,757
যেমন তারা সবসময় অতীত শতাব্দী আছে.

74
00:04:06,757 --> 00:04:09,340
(মৃদু সঙ্গীত)

75
00:04:20,750 --> 00:04:23,070
ফরাসিরা জার্মান যুদ্ধবন্দীদের আদেশ দেয়

76
00:04:23,070 --> 00:04:25,670
লঙ্ঘন করে দেশকে ধ্বংস করা

77
00:04:25,670 --> 00:04:27,100
জেনেভা কনভেনশনের,

78
00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:30,133
আন্তর্জাতিক চুক্তি যা বন্দী বাহিনীকে রক্ষা করে।

79
00:04:33,875 --> 00:04:38,027
ফ্রান্সে এখনও 300,000 এই হতভাগ্য পুরুষ রয়েছে,

80
00:04:39,220 --> 00:04:42,920
ভার্দুনের কাছে ভয়ঙ্কর সোমে ক্যাম্পে বন্দী করা হয়েছে।

81
00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:45,333
জার্মান সৈনিক হেলমেট আদালত লিখেছেন,

82
00:04:47,037 --> 00:04:50,167
"আমার ধারণা আছে যে আমি একজন অপরাধী হিসাবে বিবেচিত।

83
00:04:50,167 --> 00:04:52,807
"প্রতি ঘণ্টায় এটা পরিষ্কার হয়ে যায়।

84
00:04:52,807 --> 00:04:55,963
"ফরাসিদের নিন্দাবাদ এবং আমাদের প্রতি তাদের ঘৃণা,

85
00:04:57,007 --> 00:04:58,607
"তারা এখন আমাদের অর্থ দিতে চায়।"

86
00:05:08,105 --> 00:05:08,938
(মৃদু গর্জন)

87
00:05:08,938 --> 00:05:13,650
22,105 জন বন্দী ধ্বংসাবশেষে বা কেবল ক্ষুধায় মারা যায়।

88
00:05:15,483 --> 00:05:18,233
(পুরুষ বকবক করছে)

89
00:05:19,990 --> 00:05:21,493
কিন্তু ফরাসিরাও ভুগছে।

90
00:05:23,250 --> 00:05:25,970
বাজারে শিম ও আলুর দাম

91
00:05:25,970 --> 00:05:28,532
যুদ্ধের আগের তুলনায় চারগুণ বেশি।

92
00:05:28,532 --> 00:05:31,200
(বকবক)

93
00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:34,280
ধনী আমেরিকানরা ফরাসিদের সাহায্যে আসে,

94
00:05:34,280 --> 00:05:36,640
একটি বড় ব্যাঙ্কের উত্তরাধিকারীর মতো।

95
00:05:36,640 --> 00:05:40,980
{\an8}অ্যান মরগান, যিনি ডক্টর অ্যান মারে ডাইকের সাথে,

96
00:05:40,980 --> 00:05:42,573
{\an8}এই প্রথম এনজিও প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন,

97
00:05:43,430 --> 00:05:46,181
বিধ্বস্ত ফ্রান্সের জন্য আমেরিকান কমিটি।

98
00:05:46,181 --> 00:05:48,560
(ভেরী বাজানো)

99
00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:51,403
তারা শেল দ্বারা ধ্বংস করা বন প্রতিস্থাপন করে।

100
00:05:52,480 --> 00:05:55,193
তারা একটি চ্যাটোকে একটি ডিসপেনসারিতে রূপান্তরিত করে।

101
00:05:56,350 --> 00:05:58,063
অ্যান মরগান তার মাকে লিখেছেন,

102
00:05:58,947 --> 00:06:02,750
"আমাদের কাজ একটি আনন্দ, আমরা এখানে দরকারী।"

103
00:06:02,750 --> 00:06:05,770
এই লোকেরা জার্মানদের দখলে থাকত।

104
00:06:05,770 --> 00:06:09,150
তাদের একমাত্র খাদ্য ছিল বিটরুট যা গরুকে খাওয়ানো হয়।

105
00:06:09,150 --> 00:06:12,780
প্রচন্ড ঠান্ডায় তারা রাতে খালি মেঝেতে ঘুমাতো।

106
00:06:12,780 --> 00:06:15,053
তারা এখন জীবিত ফিরে আসছে।

107
00:06:15,053 --> 00:06:18,470
(উজ্জ্বল শাস্ত্রীয় সঙ্গীত)

108
00:06:19,557 --> 00:06:21,007
(গরু ডাকছে)

109
00:06:21,007 --> 00:06:22,723
(বাচ্চারা কাঁদছে)

110
00:06:22,723 --> 00:06:25,193
ইউরোপে 6 মিলিয়ন এতিম অনাথ।

111
00:06:28,642 --> 00:06:31,392
(বেহালা বাজানো)

112
00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,230
অলৌকিকভাবে বেঁচে যাওয়া এই পোলিশ শিশুরা

113
00:06:37,230 --> 00:06:38,920
তাদের জন্মভূমিতে অনেক যুদ্ধ,

114
00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:40,823
মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে স্বাগত জানানো হয়।

115
00:06:43,546 --> 00:06:46,296
(জনতা উল্লাস করছে)

116
00:06:49,980 --> 00:06:54,250
প্যারিসে, MoMA এর স্পারিং এতিমদের রেহাই দেওয়া হয়

117
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:56,370
দুর্দশা থেকে যেমন ফরাসি সরকার তাদের করে

118
00:06:56,370 --> 00:06:59,253
রাজ্যের ওয়ার্ডগুলি, যতক্ষণ না তারা প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক হয়।

119
00:07:06,490 --> 00:07:08,963
{\an8}রাশিয়ায় অসংখ্য এতিম আছে,

120
00:07:10,350 --> 00:07:12,127
বিশেষ করে গৃহযুদ্ধের পরে।

121
00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:17,930
1922 সালে কমিউনিস্টদের বিজয় গুলাগদের নিয়ে আসে,

122
00:07:17,930 --> 00:07:20,603
লেনিন এবং তারপর স্ট্যালিনের কনসেনট্রেশন ক্যাম্প।

123
00:07:21,750 --> 00:07:23,470
আর তাই আরও এতিম নিক্ষেপ করা হয়

124
00:07:23,470 --> 00:07:28,263
রাস্তায়, ব্লক গোলমাল হয়ে, সামান্য অপরাধী.

125
00:07:32,413 --> 00:07:34,700
{\an8}(উজ্জ্বল লোকসংগীত)

126
00:07:34,700 --> 00:07:38,123
ব্রিটেনের অনাথ অপরাধীদের নিজস্ব জরুরী সমস্যা রয়েছে।

127
00:07:40,500 --> 00:07:42,540
সমাধান র্যাডিক্যাল।

128
00:07:42,540 --> 00:07:44,570
প্রথম জাহাজে একটি একমুখী টিকিট

129
00:07:44,570 --> 00:07:47,533
পশ্চিম কানাডার বিস্তৃত খোলা জায়গায় খামারগুলিতে।

130
00:07:49,290 --> 00:07:53,113
অটোয়াতে, সংসদ সদস্য জে এস উডসওয়ার্থ উল্লেখ করেছেন,

131
00:07:54,377 --> 00:07:57,137
"আমরা শিশুদের সস্তা শ্রমিকে পরিণত করছি।"

132
00:07:59,190 --> 00:08:02,210
আজ, 10 জনের মধ্যে একজন কানাডিয়ান বংশধর

133
00:08:02,210 --> 00:08:03,610
এই বাস্তুচ্যুত শিশুদের মধ্যে.

134
00:08:07,630 --> 00:08:11,890
একইভাবে, যুক্তরাজ্য যুবতী মহিলাদের রপ্তানি শুরু করে

135
00:08:11,890 --> 00:08:13,703
যারা এখন স্বামী খুঁজে পায় না।

136
00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:18,870
এগুলো তথাকথিত উদ্বৃত্ত নারী

137
00:08:18,870 --> 00:08:21,090
মহিলা সেনা অক্সিলিয়ারি কর্পস থেকে

138
00:08:21,090 --> 00:08:22,305
অস্ট্রেলিয়া যাচ্ছেন।

139
00:08:22,305 --> 00:08:24,555
(উল্লসিত)

140
00:08:26,145 --> 00:08:28,925
(মৃদু সঙ্গীত)

141
00:08:28,925 --> 00:08:32,030
বেঁচে থাকারা কিভাবে শোক করবে?

142
00:08:32,030 --> 00:08:35,420
লিথুয়ানিয়ার অন্যতম শ্রেষ্ঠ কবি অস্কার মিলোজ

143
00:08:35,420 --> 00:08:37,370
বাবা-মা, বিধবারা যা প্রকাশ করে

144
00:08:37,370 --> 00:08:39,960
এবং শিশুরা অবিরাম সারি দিয়ে হাঁটা অনুভব করে

145
00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:43,150
ডেভিডের ক্রস স্টার দ্বারা চিহ্নিত কবরগুলির

146
00:08:43,150 --> 00:08:44,790
বা অর্ধচন্দ্র।

147
00:08:44,790 --> 00:08:48,567
তিনি বলেন, "ওহে, মৃত, মৃত,

148
00:08:48,567 --> 00:08:50,977
"মৃতরা অন্তত আমার চেয়ে কম মৃত।"

149
00:08:56,530 --> 00:08:59,820
অনেক পরিবার তাদের মৃতদের দেশে ফিরিয়ে আনতে চায়,

150
00:08:59,820 --> 00:09:01,840
তাদের প্রিয়জনের কবর দেখতে সক্ষম হতে

151
00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:03,103
স্থানীয় কবরস্থানে।

152
00:09:05,830 --> 00:09:08,313
তবে প্রথমে দেহাবশেষ খনন করতে হবে।

153
00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:13,780
আমেরিকান সেনাবাহিনীর বিশেষ ইউনিটগুলিকে নিয়ে ছবি তোলা হয়

154
00:09:13,780 --> 00:09:14,863
এই কঠিন কাজ।

155
00:09:17,370 --> 00:09:20,920
230,000 মৃতদেহ তাদের পরিবারের কাছে ফিরিয়ে দেওয়া হয়েছে

156
00:09:22,340 --> 00:09:23,480
এবং ফ্রান্স যেখানে সবচেয়ে বেশি

157
00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:25,660
সামরিক কবরস্থান অবস্থিত.

158
00:09:25,660 --> 00:09:28,880
তারা আজ পর্যন্ত 700,000 ফরাসিদের কবর রয়ে গেছে

159
00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:33,113
এবং ঔপনিবেশিক সৈন্য, 750,000 জার্মান সৈন্য,

160
00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:37,930
60,000 কানাডিয়ান সহ 300,000 ব্রিটিশ সৈন্য,

161
00:09:37,930 --> 00:09:39,683
এবং 34,000 আমেরিকান।

162
00:09:41,074 --> 00:09:43,090
(পাখির কিচিরমিচির)

163
00:09:43,090 --> 00:09:45,790
সর্বত্র মানুষ যোগাযোগ করার জন্য মরিয়া চেষ্টা

164
00:09:45,790 --> 00:09:47,635
মৃতদের আত্মার সাথে।

165
00:09:47,635 --> 00:09:50,802
(প্রাণবন্ত উত্সাহী সঙ্গীত)

166
00:09:51,680 --> 00:09:55,563
19 শতকের পর থেকে আধ্যাত্মবাদ খুবই জনপ্রিয়।

167
00:09:57,120 --> 00:09:59,580
তৎকালীন আধ্যাত্মবাদের মহাযাজক ড

168
00:09:59,580 --> 00:10:03,157
একজন নির্দিষ্ট লিওন ভিনি, তিনি লিখেছেন,

169
00:10:03,157 --> 00:10:07,047
"আমাদের অসংখ্য সৈন্যদল উদগ্রীব হয়ে আমাদের উপরে ঘুরে বেড়াচ্ছে

170
00:10:07,047 --> 00:10:08,137
"যোগাযোগ করতে।"

171
00:10:10,760 --> 00:10:14,460
যারা যুদ্ধে মারা যায় তারা কেবল নিজেকে প্রকাশ করতে চায়

172
00:10:14,460 --> 00:10:15,913
পৃথিবীতে তাদের প্রিয়জনের কাছে।

173
00:10:17,077 --> 00:10:19,660
(মৃদু সঙ্গীত)

174
00:10:26,590 --> 00:10:29,913
দুঃখের বিষয়, এই সিন্সগুলি কেবল আরেকটি প্রতারণা।

175
00:10:33,490 --> 00:10:35,540
মৃতদের স্মরণ করুন, তাদের সম্মান করুন

176
00:10:35,540 --> 00:10:37,850
এবং তাদের স্মৃতিতে জনগণকে একত্রিত করুন।

177
00:10:37,850 --> 00:10:39,410
প্রতিটি দেশ, প্রতিটি শহর,

178
00:10:39,410 --> 00:10:41,563
প্রতিটি গ্রামে একটি স্মৃতিসৌধ থাকতে হবে।

179
00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:46,480
তারা বীরত্ব ও যুদ্ধ, শান্তিবাদ উদযাপন করতে পারে,

180
00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:48,390
বা মর্যাদাপূর্ণ শক্তি।

181
00:10:48,390 --> 00:10:50,490
এই ব্রোঞ্জ ক্যারিবুর মতো,

182
00:10:50,490 --> 00:10:54,350
নিউফাউন্ডল্যান্ড থেকে 814 জন পুরুষের প্রতি শ্রদ্ধা,

183
00:10:54,350 --> 00:10:57,800
তারপর ব্রিটিশ সাম্রাজ্যের অংশ যারা যুদ্ধে সেবা করতে গিয়ে মারা যায়

184
00:10:57,800 --> 00:10:59,569
এবং যার কোন পরিচিত কবর ছিল না।

185
00:10:59,569 --> 00:11:02,152
(উচ্ছ্বল সঙ্গীত)

186
00:11:05,621 --> 00:11:08,371
(মৃদু গর্জন)

187
00:11:09,592 --> 00:11:12,090
বিশ্বজুড়ে, ভাস্কররা দিনরাত কাজ করে

188
00:11:12,090 --> 00:11:15,193
যুদ্ধের স্মৃতিসৌধের জন্য হাজার হাজার অর্ডার পূরণ করতে।

189
00:11:18,075 --> 00:11:20,825
(জনতা উল্লাস করছে)

190
00:11:22,070 --> 00:11:25,053
{\an8}লন্ডন, 11ই নভেম্বর, 1920।

191
00:11:26,900 --> 00:11:29,000
রাজা পঞ্চম জর্জ এবং তার ছেলেরা,

192
00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:32,790
ভবিষ্যৎ সার্বভৌমরা প্রথম সম্মাননা অনুষ্ঠান শুরু করেন

193
00:11:32,790 --> 00:11:34,469
অজানা সৈনিক।

194
00:11:34,469 --> 00:11:37,052
(মৃদু সঙ্গীত)

195
00:11:39,620 --> 00:11:43,420
undefined

196
00:11:43,420 --> 00:11:46,940
undefined

197
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undefined

198
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undefined

199
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undefined

200
00:11:57,470 --> 00:12:00,540
undefined

201
00:12:00,540 --> 00:12:02,890
undefined

202
00:12:02,890 --> 00:12:06,800
undefined

203
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undefined

204
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undefined

205
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undefined

206
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undefined

207
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undefined

208
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undefined

209
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undefined

210
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undefined

211
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undefined

212
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undefined

213
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undefined

214
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undefined

215
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undefined

216
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undefined

217
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undefined

218
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undefined

219
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undefined

220
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undefined

221
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undefined

222
00:13:34,530 --> 00:13:37,580
undefined

223
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undefined

224
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undefined

225
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undefined

226
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undefined

227
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undefined

228
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undefined

229
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undefined

230
00:13:56,960 --> 00:14:00,980
undefined

231
00:14:00,980 --> 00:14:03,620
undefined

232
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undefined

233
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undefined

234
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undefined

235
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undefined

236
00:14:18,646 --> 00:14:19,760
undefined

237
00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:23,300
undefined

238
00:14:23,300 --> 00:14:26,893
undefined

239
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,220
undefined

240
00:14:32,220 --> 00:14:33,470
undefined

241
00:14:34,940 --> 00:14:37,250
undefined

242
00:14:37,250 --> 00:14:39,610
undefined

243
00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:41,950
Abantu ba ku America tabalefwaya ukuibimbamo .

244
00:14:41,950 --> 00:14:45,633
mu milandu ya bambi, nangu ukuya ku nkondo na kabili.

245
00:14:45,633 --> 00:14:48,800
(inyimbo sha kusekesha)

246
00:14:59,100 --> 00:15:01,630
Icilangililo ca iyi nkulo ya ba 1920,

247
00:15:01,630 --> 00:15:04,110
pano e fyo Zelda Fitzgerald, umukashi umulumendo

248
00:15:04,110 --> 00:15:07,323
uwa kalemba wa fitabo F. Scott Fitzgerald, alondolola ifibusa fyakwe.

249
00:15:08,660 --> 00:15:12,640
Umubomfi wa pa ng’anda abuuka ukufuma ku kupopomenwa kwakwe ukwa bucisenene,

250
00:15:12,640 --> 00:15:16,180
bobs inkanda yakwe, ukufwala amapepala yakwe ayasuma aya ku matwi

251
00:15:16,180 --> 00:15:19,953
mu cipimo cikalamba ica bucibusa no bukali kabili aya mu nkondo.

252
00:15:20,850 --> 00:15:23,030
Alasekesha pantu cilaba ica nsansa ukusekesha .

253
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:24,690
kabili afwala ica kufwala ca kusamba ica ciputulwa cimo .

254
00:15:24,690 --> 00:15:28,500
pantu alikwata umubili usuma, kabili akaana ukubombomana, .

255
00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:30,830
maka maka pa mulandu wa kuti tabomba.

256
00:15:30,830 --> 00:15:33,300
Alishiba ukuti ifintu ifyo acita .

257
00:15:33,300 --> 00:15:36,092
ni fintu alefwaisha ukucita ukufuma ku kale.

258
00:15:36,092 --> 00:15:39,009
(amapembe yalelila)

259
00:15:45,473 --> 00:15:46,350
(ukulila kwa cuma)

260
00:15:46,350 --> 00:15:48,520
Lelo insansa shalyafya.

261
00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:51,190
Pa kukaana ukusaina Icipangano ca Versailles,

262
00:15:51,190 --> 00:15:54,010
Iciputulwa ca buteko ica ku United States calibika mu bwafya ubupingushi bwa kwa Wilson .

263
00:15:54,010 --> 00:15:56,193
iciloto cimbi ica Buteko bwa Mitundu.

264
00:15:58,710 --> 00:16:01,260
Ligi nangu cibe fyo, yalitendeke kale .

265
00:16:01,260 --> 00:16:03,530
mu calo ca Switzerland icabula ulubali

266
00:16:03,530 --> 00:16:04,980
{\an8}pa lulamba lwa bemba wa Geneva.

267
00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:09,610
Lelo ukwabula America, bushe uyu uwa ntanshi .

268
00:16:09,610 --> 00:16:11,920
ya Buteko bwa Buteko, iyalonganike pa nshita iingi .

269
00:16:11,920 --> 00:16:14,852
ya fyalo fya mu calo ukufikapo ukusunga umutende.

270
00:16:14,852 --> 00:16:17,602
(inyimbo sha kusekesha)

271
00:16:21,380 --> 00:16:24,530
Ifipangano ifyapusanapusana ifyakonkelepo pa Cipangano ca Versailles .

272
00:16:24,530 --> 00:16:26,563
ikalenga ukukansana ukwabula ukupwa.

273
00:16:27,870 --> 00:16:30,190
Ifipangano fya mu calo ca Saint-German mu 1919

274
00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:33,280
na Trianon mu 1920, ikaputuka .

275
00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:37,910
Ubufumu bwa ku Austria na Hungary ukupitila mu kupanga imitundu ipya,

276
00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:42,410
pamo nga icalo icinono ica Austria, icalo ca Czekoslovakia na Yugoslavia,

277
00:16:42,410 --> 00:16:44,583
kabili na kabili ukupanga cipya cipya icalo ca Hungary na Romania.

278
00:16:47,230 --> 00:16:48,810
Insambu shaishibikwa isha Bantu .

279
00:16:48,810 --> 00:16:51,823
ku Kuipingwila, mu cine cine tacicindikilwe.

280
00:16:52,770 --> 00:16:55,600
Abena German nomba bali mu Poland na Czechoslovakia,

281
00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:59,600
Abena Hungary mu Romania, abena Croatia mu Yugoslavia,

282
00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:02,220
ubufumu bwa ku Austria na Hungary mu kusubila ukulonganika .

283
00:17:02,220 --> 00:17:04,143
aba bantu bonse mu mutende uwalinga.

284
00:17:09,410 --> 00:17:12,070
Mu nzila imo ine, Ubufumu bwa Ottoman bwalicingilile .

285
00:17:12,070 --> 00:17:15,193
imitundu yalekanalekana iya baArab ukufuma ku kupaatukana.

286
00:17:17,070 --> 00:17:21,620
Lelo pa Cipangano ca pa 10 August, 1920,

287
00:17:21,620 --> 00:17:23,010
Ubufumu bwa baOttoman,

288
00:17:23,010 --> 00:17:25,700
ukukandwa nga nshi pa mulandu wa kwafwilisha icalo ca Germany

289
00:17:25,700 --> 00:17:28,290
lifuulwa ukufika ku Turkey wa muno nshiku, .

290
00:17:28,290 --> 00:17:30,793
ukufumyamo fye Icifulo ca ku Greece ica musumba wa Smirna.

291
00:17:32,680 --> 00:17:36,573
Mapu ya ku Kabanga ka Pakati yapilibulwa na kabili na England na France.

292
00:17:38,150 --> 00:17:41,230
AbaFrench balefwaya ukusansamusha ififulo fyabo ifya bukoloni .

293
00:17:41,230 --> 00:17:43,353
pa kupoka ubutungulushi bwa Siria na Lebanoni.

294
00:17:45,750 --> 00:17:49,080
AbaBritish bapanga ifyalo fipya, ifya ku nse ya Jordan, .

295
00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:53,450
nomba Yordani, Palestina, kabili icacindama nga nshi Iraq,

296
00:17:53,450 --> 00:17:55,743
ukuipeela ukutungulula ukupanga amafuta.

297
00:17:57,120 --> 00:17:59,950
Wilson alitungilile ukupanga icalo cabaKurdish .

298
00:17:59,950 --> 00:18:03,240
kabili pa myeshi iinono, caliko, ilyo tacali no kupwa, .

299
00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:04,773
ukusendwa ku baTurkey.

300
00:18:05,809 --> 00:18:08,240
{\an8}(inyimbo isha mutembo)

301
00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:11,370
{\an8}Mu Palestina, abena Roma balitamfishe abaYuda .

302
00:18:11,370 --> 00:18:13,533
uwa Yerusalemu imyaka 2000 iyapitapo.

303
00:18:15,170 --> 00:18:19,190
AbaArab nomba aba maka 600,000 tabapokelela bwino .

304
00:18:19,190 --> 00:18:21,290
ku baYuda aba ku Sione abalebutuka .

305
00:18:21,290 --> 00:18:23,880
ku calo ca cipangano ukufuma ku mpela ya mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 19 .

306
00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:26,430
pa kuti bapusuke ku kucushiwa mu Bulaya bwa Pakati na mu Russia.

307
00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:34,840
Mu nshita ya nkondo, abena Britain, .

308
00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:37,560
nga filya fine umukalamba wa bashilika uwaishibikwa sana T.E.

309
00:18:37,560 --> 00:18:39,600
pa Cipangano ca Sykes-Picot

310
00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:41,370
alaile ifingi ku baArab .

311
00:18:41,370 --> 00:18:43,850
mu kwalula ukwafwilisha kwabo ukulwisha abaTurkey, .

312
00:18:43,850 --> 00:18:46,213
umo ali wa kulesha ukukuukila ku fyalo fimbi ukwa baYuda.

313
00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:53,600
Lelo Lawrence uwa ku Arabia alicenjeshiwe .

314
00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:55,703
kabili amalayo yapeelwe tayakafikilishiwe.

315
00:18:57,350 --> 00:19:01,020
AbaBritish balisuminishe ukupanga icalo ca baYuda.

316
00:19:01,020 --> 00:19:04,313
Pa numa ya myaka amakumi yatatu, cikaba Icitungu ca Israele.

317
00:19:06,220 --> 00:19:10,090
Umukalamba wa iko uwa kubalilapo Chaim Weizmann alomba ukuti abantu bafumine ku fyalo fimbi.

318
00:19:10,090 --> 00:19:13,667
Atile, “Tufwile ukulenga Palestina ukuba uwa ciYuda, .

319
00:19:13,667 --> 00:19:16,857
"nga fintu England ni ciNgeleshi na America ni America."

320
00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:22,403
Ni ntendekelo ya nkondo iyabula impela.

321
00:19:25,380 --> 00:19:29,800
{\an8}Mu 1920, mu nkoko iyacimfiwa mu Konstantinople,

322
00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:32,513
Istanbul nomba, ifintu fyalibipilako.

323
00:19:34,270 --> 00:19:36,440
AbaAllies bacili baleikala umusumba onse ubili .

324
00:19:36,440 --> 00:19:37,900
kabili iciputulwa ca calo, .

325
00:19:37,900 --> 00:19:40,310
icishingasuminishiwa ku bacilolo ba calo .

326
00:19:40,310 --> 00:19:42,393
kabili citwala ku kusanguka kwakulisha.

327
00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:50,830
Pa mutwe wa iko pali umukalamba wa bashilika, uo mu 1915,

328
00:19:50,830 --> 00:19:53,393
alikeene ukufika kwa Britain na France mu Turkey.

329
00:19:54,500 --> 00:19:57,980
Uyu umukalamba wa bashilika uwacindikwa akaana ukusumina Icipangano ca Sèvres .

330
00:19:57,980 --> 00:20:00,210
kabili ukuloba kwa musumba wa Smurna.

331
00:20:00,210 --> 00:20:04,097
Atile, "Nga twasuminisha ku fyo aba Allied balefwaya fyonse,

332
00:20:04,097 --> 00:20:07,367
"cikabe icakosa ukucefyako amatontonkanyo yabo aya bukaitemwe."

333
00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:11,820
Mustafa Kemal abuulile ibumba lya bashilika abaipeelesha,

334
00:20:11,820 --> 00:20:14,390
lyena alwile abacibusa na baGriki pa myaka ibili .

335
00:20:14,390 --> 00:20:16,695
pa kuti babweshe icifulo ico bakwata.

336
00:20:16,695 --> 00:20:19,907
(ifarmu lilepuma)

337
00:20:19,907 --> 00:20:22,225
(ukusansa kwa menshi)

338
00:20:22,225 --> 00:20:24,558
(ukubilikisha)

339
00:20:25,808 --> 00:20:28,475
(ukupuma ukwakulisha)

340
00:20:29,671 --> 00:20:32,254
(imfuti shileyaka)

341
00:20:34,055 --> 00:20:36,722
(ukupuma ukwakulisha)

342
00:20:38,362 --> 00:20:40,640
Pa bushiku bwalenga 9, 1922,

343
00:20:40,640 --> 00:20:43,360
ibumba lyakwe ilya bashilika lyaingila mu cifulo ca kulekelesha icacingililwa .

344
00:20:43,360 --> 00:20:45,644
ku baGriki, Simurna.

345
00:20:45,644 --> 00:20:48,394
{\an8}(inyimbo shakusekesha)

346
00:20:49,570 --> 00:20:51,643
{\an8}Umusumba walibikwa pa mulilo.

347
00:21:03,900 --> 00:21:06,710
AbaTurkey tabafwaya ukutamfya fye abaGriki, .

348
00:21:06,710 --> 00:21:09,620
lelo na bonse abacepa abashili baMuslim, .

349
00:21:09,620 --> 00:21:11,203
maka maka abena Armenia.

350
00:21:15,410 --> 00:21:17,840
Abanono fye aba nsansa ebakwata amaka ya kupusuka .

351
00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:19,553
kabili batendeke ukuya ku busha ku Bulaya.

352
00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:29,260
{\an8}Mu Geneva, Ibumba lya Mitundu,

353
00:21:29,260 --> 00:21:32,810
nangu ca kuti cafilwa ukupwisha inkondo no kwipaya, .

354
00:21:32,810 --> 00:21:36,070
nangu cibe fyo atunguluka mu kupususha amamilioni ya bantu.

355
00:21:36,070 --> 00:21:39,580
Ukutasha ku muntu uwapusanako, Fridtjof Nansen,

356
00:21:39,580 --> 00:21:41,370
umufwailisha wa ku Norway

357
00:21:41,370 --> 00:21:43,840
uwaishileba Komishina Mukalamba uwa Bafulumwike, .

358
00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:46,640
kabili uo akapeelwa icilambu ca Nobel ica Mutende.

359
00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:49,640
(abakutika balebokota)

360
00:21:51,060 --> 00:21:53,123
Apanga pasipoti wa kwa Nansen,

361
00:21:54,190 --> 00:21:56,993
icitabo ca mutengo kuli bonse abashakwata icalo.

362
00:21:58,240 --> 00:22:00,150
Nga kapenta, Marc Chagall

363
00:22:00,150 --> 00:22:02,063
kabili kalemba wa nyimbo Igor Stravinsky,

364
00:22:03,090 --> 00:22:05,143
cilabalenga ukupula mu mipaka.

365
00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:12,913
Abaume, abanakashi na bana amamilioni 9 baba abafulumuka pa mulandu wa mutende.

366
00:22:14,050 --> 00:22:16,563
Abengi pali bene balefwaya ukufuma ku United States.

367
00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:20,290
Bonse bapwisha ukufika pa Cishiba ca Cherbourg .

368
00:22:20,290 --> 00:22:22,840
mu Kabanga ka France, icaba ica kufimbilikisha.

369
00:22:26,790 --> 00:22:29,403
AbaFrench bakuula Hotela waishibikwa sana uwa Atlantique,

370
00:22:30,360 --> 00:22:32,890
icifulo ca kupitamo abafuma ku fyalo fimbi,

371
00:22:32,890 --> 00:22:35,623
ne milimo ya iko iya fya miti ne fya buteko.

372
00:22:43,170 --> 00:22:45,063
Kabili ulwendo ulutali kuti lwatendeka.

373
00:22:46,353 --> 00:22:48,936
(inyimbo isha mutembo)

374
00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,060
America lyonse yapokelela abafumine mu calo conse,

375
00:22:53,060 --> 00:22:56,173
pamo nga abena Ireland, abena Italy, abaYuda.

376
00:23:00,370 --> 00:23:02,490
Pa Cipuna ca Cimpashanya ca Bukulu,

377
00:23:02,490 --> 00:23:05,800
icapangwa na kalemba wa fibumbwa uwaku France, Auguste Bartholdi

378
00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:09,323
fyalembelwepo amashiwi ya kwa kalemba wa lyashi lya kale uwa ciYuda, Emma Lasaro, .

379
00:23:10,437 --> 00:23:12,507
"Mpeeleni ukutonta kwenu, umupiina wenu, .

380
00:23:12,507 --> 00:23:15,007
"ukusamba kobe ukwa kufwaya ukupuma ukwabula ukulipilisha,

381
00:23:15,007 --> 00:23:17,547
"ukukana kwa bulanda ukwa lulamba lwenu ulwakunkuma."

382
00:23:20,700 --> 00:23:24,900
Mu Montreal, abaYuda 30,000 bailangisha pakuti bengalenga abantu ukubika amano kuli bene

383
00:23:24,900 --> 00:23:27,203
ku nshita ya abo abashele mu Ukraine.

384
00:23:29,876 --> 00:23:32,459
{\an8}(inyimbo isha mutembo)

385
00:23:33,769 --> 00:23:37,560
AbaYuda 100,000 balipaiwe, balibikwe mu nkondo ya bana calo

386
00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:39,850
pakati ka baRussia Ababuuta, umukalamba wa bufumu .

387
00:23:39,850 --> 00:23:41,300
na baRed, abaKominisi.

388
00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:51,330
Pa numa ya myaka ine iya kulwa, .

389
00:23:51,330 --> 00:23:54,400
Abakashika, abaBolshevik mu kupelako balicimfishe

390
00:23:54,400 --> 00:23:57,393
pantu balicilapo ukukalipa ukucila abalwani babo.

391
00:24:01,365 --> 00:24:05,115
Pa bushiku bwalenga 22 mu mweshi wa cibili, 1922, icalo ca Russia caishileba icalo ca Buteko

392
00:24:06,010 --> 00:24:10,060
ya fyalo fya Soviet, USSR.

393
00:24:10,060 --> 00:24:13,363
Iciputulwa cikalamba ica calo caba ica Bukominisi.

394
00:24:15,260 --> 00:24:18,660
{\an8}Ubunonshi bonse ubwa ku USSR bwaonaika.

395
00:24:18,660 --> 00:24:21,683
Ukusombola kwali no kufwaya ukuliisha abashilika.

396
00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:29,333
Insala ya kubalilapo iyakulisha mu 1922 yashile amamilioni 5 abafwa.

397
00:24:34,810 --> 00:24:37,983
Ubwafwilisho bwa buntunse bulapongoloka ukufuma mu calo conse.

398
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:42,080
Umo uwa mwi bumba lya kwafwilisha ilya ku America .

399
00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:44,020
uo akapususha amakana ya bantu, .

400
00:24:44,020 --> 00:24:46,003
William alondolola ukuti,

401
00:24:47,017 --> 00:24:49,837
"Abantu balicefiwako ukulya ifyani ifyasankanishiwa .

402
00:24:49,837 --> 00:24:52,350
"ne mafupa ya panshi, amapapa ya miti ne bumba

403
00:24:53,657 --> 00:24:57,147
"pamo pene ne mfula, imbwa, impanga, ifipe

404
00:24:57,147 --> 00:24:58,737
"ne fisabo ukufuma pa fikuulwa."

405
00:25:02,940 --> 00:25:07,570
Namona utufupa utunono utwakwata amenso ayakunkuma

406
00:25:07,570 --> 00:25:08,973
na makasa ya meno.

407
00:25:11,390 --> 00:25:14,110
Cila bushiku ikumi na babili pali bene balafwa.

408
00:25:14,110 --> 00:25:16,013
Icinunshi cilalenga umuntu ukukalipa.

409
00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:19,543
(inyimbo isha mutembo)

410
00:25:24,893 --> 00:25:26,330
(inyimbo sha cikaya ishabengeshima)

411
00:25:26,330 --> 00:25:28,190
Pa mpela ya Nkondo ya Calo, .

412
00:25:28,190 --> 00:25:30,893
umuntu umo na 1/2 milioni wa bena Russia balipuswike mu calo, .

413
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:35,500
Abena Russia Ababuuta 400,000 baikele mu Nice,

414
00:25:35,500 --> 00:25:36,950
pa cishiba ca ku France

415
00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:39,513
nangu Paris mu fifulo umo abantu bakwata ifya kulya ifisuma.

416
00:25:39,513 --> 00:25:41,400
{\an8}(ukucimfyanya kwa mishi)

417
00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:43,330
{\an8}Abo abapuswike ne fyuma fyabo .

418
00:25:43,330 --> 00:25:45,788
kuti baikala nga bamfumu, kabili mu cine cine balaikala.

419
00:25:45,788 --> 00:25:48,788
(inyimbo sha cikaya ishabengeshima)

420
00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:53,280
Umukalamba wa mfumu Yusupov umo uwa baipaile

421
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:55,140
uwa kwa Rasputin, umupandamano wa cimonwa,

422
00:25:55,140 --> 00:25:57,563
uwa Mfumu Nikola II, alembele ukuti, .

423
00:25:58,397 --> 00:26:01,157
"Bushe umuntu engafilwa shani ukumfwa icicetekelo mu Paris,

424
00:26:01,157 --> 00:26:03,677
"iciishiba bwino ifya kusansabika imipashi ya mulendo .

425
00:26:03,677 --> 00:26:04,657
"no kumwentula."

426
00:26:06,570 --> 00:26:08,180
У прынца ёсць палюбоўніца,

427
00:26:08,180 --> 00:26:11,890
{\an8}малады вялікі князь Дзімітрый, які сам жыў

428
00:26:11,890 --> 00:26:15,698
{\an8}з ужо вядомым мадэльерам Кока Шанэль.

429
00:26:15,698 --> 00:26:18,698
{\an8}(бадзёрая народная музыка)

430
00:26:19,940 --> 00:26:23,210
Калі яна вырашае выпусціць духі Chanel нумар пяць,

431
00:26:23,210 --> 00:26:25,930
Дзімітрый пераконвае яе прыняць сваю бутэльку,

432
00:26:25,930 --> 00:26:29,148
форма флягі з гарэлкай, якой карысталіся рускія афіцэры.

433
00:26:29,148 --> 00:26:32,565
(бадзёрая класічная музыка)

434
00:26:40,770 --> 00:26:43,050
Але гэта не проста (невыразна),

435
00:26:43,050 --> 00:26:46,630
хто застаецца глыбокім у сваёй адданасці апошняму цару,

436
00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:50,420
Юсупаў адзначае ў сваіх мемуарах, усюды па адным разе

437
00:26:50,420 --> 00:26:53,080
ягоны расейскі бізнэс расьце.

438
00:26:53,080 --> 00:26:56,500
Рэстарацыі, крамы, новыя праваслаўныя храмы са школамі

439
00:26:56,500 --> 00:26:57,623
і дамы састарэлых.

440
00:26:59,690 --> 00:27:02,783
Парыж становіцца натуральным месцам для імігрантаў.

441
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:07,380
Царскія генералы і былыя афіцэры

442
00:27:07,380 --> 00:27:11,280
Імператарскай гвардыі не маюць навыкаў, акрамя ваенных,

443
00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:13,736
але яны ўмеюць кіраваць аўтамабілем і становяцца таксістамі.

444
00:27:13,736 --> 00:27:15,010
(мужчыны галасяць)

445
00:27:15,010 --> 00:27:17,950
Яны надоўга застануцца часткай правядзённага фальклору.

446
00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:21,933
Апошні выйдзе на пенсію ў 1970 годзе ва ўзросце 92 гадоў.

447
00:27:27,620 --> 00:27:30,380
Белыя рускія любяць гэты гадзіннік таксіста

448
00:27:30,380 --> 00:27:33,616
з заклапочанасцю распаўсюджваннем савецкага ўплыву ў свеце.

449
00:27:33,616 --> 00:27:36,366
(натоўп скандуе)

450
00:27:39,467 --> 00:27:44,467
Непамерныя выдаткі ваеннага часу прывялі да глыбокай сацыяльнай напружанасці.

451
00:27:44,550 --> 00:27:47,250
Паўсюль людзі ўступаюць у камуністычныя партыі

452
00:27:47,250 --> 00:27:50,820
з іх бачаннем агульнага росквіту ў Лондане,

453
00:27:50,820 --> 00:27:53,837
Берлін, Нью-Ёрк, Мілан і Рым.

454
00:27:53,837 --> 00:27:56,587
(натоўп скандуе)

455
00:27:58,290 --> 00:28:02,140
Лідар італьянскіх камуністаў Антоніа Грамшы вяртаецца

456
00:28:02,140 --> 00:28:03,970
з Масквы і займае яго месца

457
00:28:03,970 --> 00:28:06,063
як ранні марксісцкі тэарэтык.

458
00:28:07,020 --> 00:28:09,997
Кажа: «Жыць — партызаніць».

459
00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:17,240
Выступаючы супраць камуністаў, ветэраны вайны спачатку гурт

460
00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:19,610
разам за палкім паэтам,

461
00:28:19,610 --> 00:28:22,423
герой вайны Габрыэле д'Анунцыё.

462
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:26,950
Ён дэнансаваў Версальскі дагавор

463
00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:29,000
таму што, перакройваючы карту Еўропы,

464
00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:31,410
саюзнікі перадалі Югаславіі,

465
00:28:31,410 --> 00:28:34,867
тэрыторыя населена італьянцамі, у тым ліку Далмацыя

466
00:28:34,867 --> 00:28:36,677
і горад Фіюме.

467
00:28:36,677 --> 00:28:39,440
(замежная мова)

468
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:41,407
Габрыэле д'Анунцыё наракае,

469
00:28:41,407 --> 00:28:43,567
«Наша перамога скалечана».

470
00:28:44,443 --> 00:28:47,360
(замежная мова)

471
00:28:48,650 --> 00:28:51,197
Ён запускае сваю міліцыю, абвяшчаючы,

472
00:28:51,197 --> 00:28:54,797
«Італія, твая гадзіна надышла, цудоўныя гады.

473
00:28:54,797 --> 00:28:56,847
«Я чую гром Арлоў, які

474
00:28:56,847 --> 00:28:59,466
"сваімі талентамі раздзіраюць ноч".

475
00:28:59,466 --> 00:29:02,216
(натоўп вітае)

476
00:29:03,380 --> 00:29:06,563
Габрыэле д'Анунцыа ўдаецца захапіць горад Фіуме.

477
00:29:08,384 --> 00:29:11,134
{\an8}(натоўп скандуе)

478
00:29:15,700 --> 00:29:19,093
Затым рэгулярнае войска выганяе яго, але з павагай.

479
00:29:21,500 --> 00:29:24,490
Для камуніста Грамши гэтая трагікамедыя

480
00:29:24,490 --> 00:29:26,250
гэта яшчэ адна прыкмета дэкадансу

481
00:29:26,250 --> 00:29:27,563
буржуазнай дзяржавы.

482
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,467
Ён кажа: «Стары свет памірае.

483
00:29:31,467 --> 00:29:33,687
«Новы свет змагаецца за нараджэнне.

484
00:29:33,687 --> 00:29:37,367
«І ў гэтым паўзмроку раптам з'яўляюцца пачвары».

485
00:29:40,340 --> 00:29:42,993
{\an8}Гэты монстр — Беніта Мусаліні.

486
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:48,937
{\an8}Яго жонка Рэйчэл піша: «Яго вочы фасфарысцыравалі,

487
00:29:48,937 --> 00:29:53,937
«позірк яго пранізлівы, зрэнкі нібы ўспыхвалі маланкамі.

488
00:29:53,997 --> 00:29:57,577
«Ён ведаў, што яго вочы валодаюць неверагоднай уладай над усімі».

489
00:29:59,330 --> 00:30:03,440
{\an8}Мусаліні пачаў сваю кар'еру як сацыялістычны журналіст.

490
00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:05,823
{\an8}Ён стаў нацыяналістам падчас вайны.

491
00:30:09,270 --> 00:30:12,710
У 1919 годзе ён стварыў фашысцкі рух,

492
00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:16,133
названы ў гонар яго Fasci di Combattimento, баявых атрадаў.

493
00:30:20,270 --> 00:30:24,350
Мусаліні карыстаецца прэстыжам Габрыэле д'Анунцыа,

494
00:30:24,350 --> 00:30:26,270
капіраванне ўсяго.

495
00:30:26,270 --> 00:30:31,270
Чорныя кашулі, рымскі салют, гоначны кінжал

496
00:30:31,300 --> 00:30:32,350
і крык,

497
00:30:32,350 --> 00:30:37,350
раздражняць, да нас, да нас.
(натоўп скандуе)

498
00:30:37,770 --> 00:30:42,173
Але Габрыэле Д'Анунцыё меў 2500 чалавек у 1919 годзе,

499
00:30:43,280 --> 00:30:46,713
У Мусаліні ў 1922 годзе было 300 тысяч.

500
00:30:48,290 --> 00:30:53,050
Сваімі папулісцкімі лозунгамі Мусаліні аб'ядноўвае ветэранаў,

501
00:30:53,050 --> 00:30:57,690
інваліды вайны, беспрацоўныя, сярэдні клас,

502
00:30:57,690 --> 00:30:59,860
і нават слабадушныя

503
00:30:59,860 --> 00:31:02,010
якія маюць праблемы з фашысцкім прывітаннем,

504
00:31:02,850 --> 00:31:06,630
І ўвесь ніжэйшы клас, які пасля вулічных боек,

505
00:31:06,630 --> 00:31:10,443
прама на іхніх бінтах, Менэфрэга, мне ўсё роўна.

506
00:31:12,870 --> 00:31:15,800
Мусаліні абяцае аднавіць грамадскі парадак.

507
00:31:15,800 --> 00:31:17,720
Ён дае сваім атрадам зброю,

508
00:31:17,720 --> 00:31:20,430
драўляны кій, каб біць камуністаў,

509
00:31:20,430 --> 00:31:23,918
і падпалілі свае народных дамоў.

510
00:31:23,918 --> 00:31:26,668
(драматычная музыка)

511
00:31:35,050 --> 00:31:37,817
Мусаліні кажа: «Я аднаўлю дысцыпліну

512
00:31:37,817 --> 00:31:39,137
«на фабрыках».

513
00:31:40,820 --> 00:31:42,940
Што радуе буйных прамыслоўцаў,

514
00:31:42,940 --> 00:31:45,260
як Аньелі, заснавальнік Fiat,

515
00:31:45,260 --> 00:31:47,836
і вытворца шын Pirelli.

516
00:31:47,836 --> 00:31:50,419
(пяшчотная музыка)

517
00:31:54,225 --> 00:31:56,239
(смяецца)

518
00:31:56,239 --> 00:31:58,822
(пяшчотная музыка)

519
00:32:08,073 --> 00:32:08,950
(натоўп вітае)

520
00:32:08,950 --> 00:32:13,650
Мусаліні арганізуе 28 кастрычніка 1922 г.

521
00:32:13,650 --> 00:32:17,286
{\an8}дэманстрацыя сілы, напышліва названая Маршам на Рым.

522
00:32:17,286 --> 00:32:20,203
(замежная мова)

523
00:32:30,940 --> 00:32:35,283
Сам ён з камфортам прыязджае на цягніку з Мілана.

524
00:32:35,283 --> 00:32:38,200
(замежная мова)

525
00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:46,170
Ён памяняў чорную кашулю на касцюм і гальштук,

526
00:32:46,170 --> 00:32:48,340
азначала быць больш дзяржаўнымі дзеячамі, як у сярэдзіне

527
00:32:48,340 --> 00:32:49,543
сваіх фашысцкіх паплечнікаў.

528
00:32:55,070 --> 00:32:59,070
Кароль Віктар Эмануіл 111, перадае яму стырно ўлады,

529
00:32:59,070 --> 00:33:01,763
да вялікага няшчасця італьянскага народа.

530
00:33:06,420 --> 00:33:09,520
Пры падтрымцы царквы Мусаліні ўмела выкарыстоўвае гэта

531
00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:12,280
прапаганды і напаўняе канцлагеры

532
00:33:12,280 --> 00:33:13,630
са сваімі апанентамі,

533
00:33:13,630 --> 00:33:16,843
усталяванне аўтарытарнага антыкамуністычнага рэжыму.

534
00:33:22,100 --> 00:33:26,490
{\an8}Праз год, у 1923 годзе, нямецкія ветэраны таксама аб'ядноўваюцца

535
00:33:26,490 --> 00:33:30,220
вакол іх лідэра ваеннага часу генерала Людэндорфа

536
00:33:30,220 --> 00:33:33,313
{\an8}які цяпер падтрымлівае лідэра нацысцкай партыі Адольфа Гітлера.

537
00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:42,407
Гітлер кажа: «Нашы людзі пакутуюць ад такой пакуты,

538
00:33:42,407 --> 00:33:44,267
"што калі мы не будзем дзейнічаць зараз,

539
00:33:44,267 --> 00:33:45,967
«яны пяройдуць да камуністаў».

540
00:33:49,520 --> 00:33:51,680
Саюзнікі будуць дапамагаць Гітлеру праз серыю

541
00:33:51,680 --> 00:33:55,770
такіх памылак, як бельгійская і французская акупацыі

542
00:33:55,770 --> 00:33:57,713
ваеннага горнага рэгіёну Германіі,

543
00:33:59,390 --> 00:34:02,083
дзе вугаль канфіскаваны ў выніку прымусовых рэпарацый,

544
00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:06,533
што вядзе да эканамічнага крызісу і ашаламляльнай інфляцыі.

545
00:34:09,200 --> 00:34:12,010
Калі банкноты друкуюцца як мага хутчэй,

546
00:34:12,010 --> 00:34:14,753
валюта абясцэньваецца з неймавернай хуткасцю.

547
00:34:15,690 --> 00:34:19,853
Бохан хлеба каштуе 460 мільярдаў марак.

548
00:34:22,460 --> 00:34:26,013
13-гадовая нямецкая дзяўчынка Эрма Ланге распавядае,

549
00:34:27,137 --> 00:34:29,777
«Калі наш бацька вяртаецца дадому з заробкам,

550
00:34:29,777 --> 00:34:33,737
"мы спяшаемся, каб патраціць яго, інакш у самыя кароткія тэрміны,

551
00:34:33,737 --> 00:34:35,047
"гэта было б нічога не вартае".

552
00:34:39,490 --> 00:34:41,960
Вайна паміж немцамі і французамі

553
00:34:41,960 --> 00:34:44,563
і бельгійскіх акупантаў, напружанне расце.

554
00:34:49,540 --> 00:34:52,170
{\an8}10 сакавіка 1923 г.

555
00:34:52,170 --> 00:34:54,910
французскія афіцэры б'юць нямецкіх назіральнікаў,

556
00:34:54,910 --> 00:34:57,500
якія не змаглі зняць шапкі для пахавальнай картэжа

557
00:34:57,500 --> 00:34:58,853
ахвяры нападу.

558
00:35:00,950 --> 00:35:04,350
Ва ўмовах такой нестабільнасці Гітлер спрабуе захапіць уладу

559
00:35:04,350 --> 00:35:06,183
9 лістапада 1923г.

560
00:35:08,120 --> 00:35:11,680
{\an8}Але армія і паліцыя застаюцца лаяльнымі да Германскай Рэспублікі

561
00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:13,073
і путч праваліўся.

562
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:19,060
Гітлер пакуль у турме,

563
00:35:19,060 --> 00:35:22,157
Стэфан Цвейг гаворыць ад імя многіх, калі піша:

564
00:35:22,157 --> 00:35:26,167
«У гэтым 1923 годзе свастыкі зніклі,

565
00:35:26,167 --> 00:35:27,707
«штурмавікі і назва

566
00:35:27,707 --> 00:35:30,837
«Адольфа Гітлера ўсе адышлі ў нябыт».

567
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:37,920
Але Цвейг жудасна памыляецца.

568
00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:41,580
Са сваёй камеры Гітлер будзе рыхтаваць сваю помсту.

569
00:35:41,580 --> 00:35:45,600
Ён піша сваю кнігу «Майн Кампф», мая барацьба,

570
00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:48,803
сцяжка супраць Версальскага дагавора і Францыі.

571
00:35:52,390 --> 00:35:55,230
{\an8}Таталітарная пагроза рэальная.

572
00:35:55,230 --> 00:35:58,150
У Іспаніі. Генерал Прыма дэ Рывера

573
00:35:58,150 --> 00:36:00,490
таксама натхнёны Мусаліні

574
00:36:00,490 --> 00:36:04,090
захапіў уладу 23 верасня 1923 г.

575
00:36:04,090 --> 00:36:06,333
і ўсталёўвае дыктатуру.

576
00:36:07,360 --> 00:36:10,893
{\an8}Гэты ваенны пераварот радуе амбіцыйнага маладога афіцэра,

577
00:36:11,850 --> 00:36:13,113
{\an8}Францыска Франка.

578
00:36:17,100 --> 00:36:19,580
Адзначаны сваёй дысцыплінай і лютасцю,

579
00:36:19,580 --> 00:36:24,200
Франка ў 33 гады стане самым маладым генералам у Еўропе,

580
00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:26,033
і наступным дыктатарам Іспаніі.

581
00:36:30,990 --> 00:36:34,030
У 1921 г. — адзін з кіраўнікоў

582
00:36:34,030 --> 00:36:36,390
Іспанскага замежнага легіёна,

583
00:36:36,390 --> 00:36:39,940
адказвае за падтрыманне парадку ў Рыфе,

584
00:36:39,940 --> 00:36:42,743
тэрыторыя Марока, якая кантралюецца Іспаніяй.

585
00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:45,800
У астатняй краіне дамінуюць французы.

586
00:36:47,890 --> 00:36:51,050
Падчас сусветнай вайны і жалезных руднікоў рэгіёна,

587
00:36:51,050 --> 00:36:53,500
Мараканцы былі вымушаныя працаваць без знямогі

588
00:36:53,500 --> 00:36:56,170
на пастаўку французскіх зброевых заводаў.

589
00:36:56,170 --> 00:36:58,803
Мараканскі народ паўстае супраць гэтай эксплуатацыі.

590
00:37:00,896 --> 00:37:03,729
(коні ржуць)

591
00:37:06,050 --> 00:37:09,300
{\an8}Лідэр нацыяналістаў з'яўляецца ў арабскім свеце,

592
00:37:09,300 --> 00:37:11,780
{\an8}яго завуць Абд эль-Крым.

593
00:37:11,780 --> 00:37:15,140
Ён начытаны навуковец, яму каля 50 гадоў.

594
00:37:15,140 --> 00:37:18,205
Ён паспяхова аб'яднаў вакол сябе берберскія плямёны.

595
00:37:18,205 --> 00:37:20,360
(пяшчотная музыка)

596
00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:22,660
Ён пачынае з нанясення разгромнай паразы

597
00:37:22,660 --> 00:37:25,140
Annualeko guduan espainolei buruz,

598
00:37:25,140 --> 00:37:26,988
1921eko uztailaren 21ean.

599
00:37:26,988 --> 00:37:29,655
{\an8}(leherketa ozen)

600
00:37:34,017 --> 00:37:34,850
(zaldia haserreka)

601
00:37:34,850 --> 00:37:37,825
20.000 espainiar garaitzen dituzte Rifeko tribuek.

602
00:37:37,825 --> 00:37:40,720
Horietatik 13.000 hil edo zauritu dira,

603
00:37:40,720 --> 00:37:42,703
bizirik atera direnak kaosean erretiratzen dira.

604
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:49,108
Frantsesek esku hartzen dute espainiarren ondoan borrokatzeko.

605
00:37:49,108 --> 00:37:51,775
(leherketa ozena)

606
00:37:53,460 --> 00:37:56,003
Hau al da kolonizazioaren amaieraren hasiera?

607
00:38:00,760 --> 00:38:04,403
Rif Gerrak etorkizuneko izugarrikeria guztiak iragartzen ditu.

608
00:38:06,940 --> 00:38:11,063
Hemen, soldadu marokoar batek burua moztu dio bere anaia matxinoak.

609
00:38:13,640 --> 00:38:16,713
Ankerkeriak areagotu egiten dira bi aldeetan.

610
00:38:19,440 --> 00:38:22,550
Frantsesek eta espainiarrek beren armategiko arma guztiak erabiltzen dituzte,

611
00:38:22,550 --> 00:38:24,159
aireko erasoak barne.

612
00:38:24,159 --> 00:38:27,422
(hegazkin lasterketa)

613
00:38:27,422 --> 00:38:28,700
(leherketa ozena)

614
00:38:28,700 --> 00:38:31,840
Bonba batzuk mostaza-gas ikaragarri berarekin kargatuta daude

615
00:38:31,840 --> 00:38:33,853
alemaniarrek 1917an erabili zuten.

616
00:38:36,773 --> 00:38:38,290
(leherketa ozena)

617
00:38:38,290 --> 00:38:41,120
Euren indarrak etsaien lerroen atzean lehorreratzea,

618
00:38:41,120 --> 00:38:42,493
eta tankeekin aurrera,

619
00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:45,283
azkenean Abd el-Krim garaitu dute.

620
00:38:47,410 --> 00:38:51,363
1926ko maiatzaren 27an errenditu zen frantsesei.

621
00:38:52,810 --> 00:38:55,560
Bere errendizioa zinema-etxeko albistegietarako filmatu da,

622
00:38:55,560 --> 00:38:58,330
ikusleak aldarrikatuz lasaitu nahi dituztenak,

623
00:38:58,330 --> 00:39:01,400
bere aita zaharrak eta bere familiak bere burua jarri zuten

624
00:39:01,400 --> 00:39:03,273
garaileen babespean.

625
00:39:08,450 --> 00:39:10,760
Rif Gerra inspirazio bihurtuko da

626
00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:15,040
Afrikan ondorengo deskolonizazio gerra bakoitzeko

627
00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:16,113
eta munduan zehar.

628
00:39:17,519 --> 00:39:18,760
(musika dramatikoa)

629
00:39:18,760 --> 00:39:21,480
Inflexio puntu erabakigarria ere markatzen du.

630
00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:24,010
Hemendik aurrera, mundua egituratuko da

631
00:39:24,010 --> 00:39:25,427
faila-lerro berri baten inguruan.

632
00:39:25,427 --> 00:39:26,710
(pistola sutan)

633
00:39:26,710 --> 00:39:28,950
Jendeak bere erlijioa galdu du,

634
00:39:28,950 --> 00:39:31,450
eta haien nortasuna gerra garaian.

635
00:39:31,450 --> 00:39:35,190
Zentzu berria aurkituko dute, proiektu berri bat, bokazio bat

636
00:39:35,190 --> 00:39:36,703
eta konpromiso politikoa.

637
00:39:36,703 --> 00:39:38,600
{\an8}(jendetza animatzen)

638
00:39:38,600 --> 00:39:42,350
{\an8}1926, sukar faxista nonahi igotzen da,

639
00:39:42,350 --> 00:39:44,030
{\an8}Hemen Ingalaterran bezala.

640
00:39:44,030 --> 00:39:48,176
{\an8}Komunisten sukarra ere nonahi igotzen da, baita New Yorken ere.

641
00:39:48,176 --> 00:39:50,759
{\an8}(armak sutan)

642
00:39:51,610 --> 00:39:54,770
Estatu Batuak bere komunistak kanporatzen saiatzen dira,

643
00:39:54,770 --> 00:39:57,270
aberrirako joaneko txartela emango diete

644
00:39:57,270 --> 00:40:00,863
Sobietar Arka izena hartu zuen itsasontzi honetan sozialismoa.

645
00:40:03,317 --> 00:40:05,900
(ontzia bozina jotzen)

646
00:40:06,844 --> 00:40:07,677
Agur.

647
00:40:08,827 --> 00:40:10,850
(jazz musika argia)

648
00:40:10,850 --> 00:40:12,760
Susto Gorriaz gain,

649
00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:14,853
undefined

650
00:40:17,510 --> 00:40:21,320
undefined

651
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:23,103
undefined

652
00:40:26,630 --> 00:40:29,210
undefined

653
00:40:29,210 --> 00:40:34,000
undefined

654
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,640
undefined

655
00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:39,793
undefined

656
00:40:39,793 --> 00:40:42,034
undefined

657
00:40:42,034 --> 00:40:45,117
undefined

658
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:49,710
undefined

659
00:40:51,284 --> 00:40:53,951
undefined

660
00:40:56,514 --> 00:40:59,976
undefined

661
00:40:59,976 --> 00:41:02,976
undefined

662
00:41:05,760 --> 00:41:08,930
undefined

663
00:41:08,930 --> 00:41:11,293
undefined

664
00:41:12,660 --> 00:41:16,383
undefined

665
00:41:18,230 --> 00:41:20,143
undefined

666
00:41:21,370 --> 00:41:23,130
undefined

667
00:41:23,130 --> 00:41:25,308
undefined

668
00:41:25,308 --> 00:41:27,300
undefined

669
00:41:27,300 --> 00:41:28,730
undefined

670
00:41:28,730 --> 00:41:31,100
undefined

671
00:41:31,100 --> 00:41:34,330
undefined

672
00:41:34,330 --> 00:41:36,800
undefined

673
00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:40,330
undefined

674
00:41:40,330 --> 00:41:42,690
undefined

675
00:41:42,690 --> 00:41:45,290
undefined

676
00:41:45,290 --> 00:41:47,320
undefined

677
00:41:47,320 --> 00:41:49,969
undefined

678
00:41:49,969 --> 00:41:51,242
undefined

679
00:41:51,242 --> 00:41:54,242
undefined

680
00:41:55,960 --> 00:41:58,153
undefined

681
00:41:59,410 --> 00:42:02,970
undefined

682
00:42:02,970 --> 00:42:05,770
undefined

683
00:42:05,770 --> 00:42:09,904
undefined

684
00:42:09,904 --> 00:42:12,630
undefined

685
00:42:12,630 --> 00:42:14,730
undefined

686
00:42:17,340 --> 00:42:19,297
undefined

687
00:42:19,297 --> 00:42:22,200
undefined

688
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:26,977
undefined

689
00:42:26,977 --> 00:42:28,049
undefined

690
00:42:28,049 --> 00:42:31,049
undefined

691
00:42:33,110 --> 00:42:34,890
undefined

692
00:42:34,890 --> 00:42:36,763
undefined

693
00:42:37,850 --> 00:42:41,510
undefined

694
00:42:41,510 --> 00:42:43,460
undefined

695
00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:45,483
undefined

696
00:42:46,860 --> 00:42:49,180
undefined

697
00:42:49,180 --> 00:42:52,283
undefined

698
00:42:53,900 --> 00:42:56,960
undefined

699
00:42:56,960 --> 00:42:58,647
undefined

700
00:43:03,160 --> 00:43:06,150
undefined

701
00:43:06,150 --> 00:43:08,000
undefined

702
00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:11,733
undefined

703
00:43:13,050 --> 00:43:15,280
undefined

704
00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:18,053
undefined

705
00:43:19,480 --> 00:43:22,690
undefined

706
00:43:22,690 --> 00:43:26,100
undefined

707
00:43:26,100 --> 00:43:29,333
undefined

708
00:43:30,947 --> 00:43:33,940
undefined

709
00:43:33,940 --> 00:43:37,260
undefined

710
00:43:37,260 --> 00:43:40,610
undefined

711
00:43:40,610 --> 00:43:41,973
undefined

712
00:43:43,680 --> 00:43:45,950
undefined

713
00:43:45,950 --> 00:43:48,743
undefined

714
00:43:49,741 --> 00:43:51,763
undefined

715
00:43:54,478 --> 00:43:57,228
undefined

716
00:44:03,327 --> 00:44:05,577
undefined

717
00:44:06,651 --> 00:44:09,401
undefined